novus/renderer/src/renderer.cpp

// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 Joshua Goins <josh@redstrate.com>
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

#include "renderer.hpp"

#include <QDebug>
#include <QFile>
#include <array>
#include <fstream>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtx/transform.hpp>
#include <valarray>
#include <vector>
#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>

#include "imgui.h"
#include "imguipass.h"

VkResult CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance,
                                      const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT *pCreateInfo,
                                      const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator,
                                      VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT *pCallback)
{
    // Note: It seems that static_cast<...> doesn't work. Use the C-style forced
    // cast.
    auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
    if (func != nullptr) {
        return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pCallback);
    } else {
        return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
    }
}

VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL DebugCallback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
                                             VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType,
                                             const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *pCallbackData,
                                             void *pUserData)
{
    Q_UNUSED(messageSeverity)
    Q_UNUSED(messageType)
    Q_UNUSED(pUserData)

    qInfo() << pCallbackData->pMessage;

    return VK_FALSE;
}

Renderer::Renderer()
{
    Q_INIT_RESOURCE(shaders);

    ctx = ImGui::CreateContext();
    ImGui::SetCurrentContext(ctx);

    ImGui::GetIO().IniFilename = "";

    ImGui::StyleColorsDark();

    std::vector<const char *> instanceExtensions = {"VK_EXT_debug_utils"};

    uint32_t extensionCount = 0;
    vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);

    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> extensions(extensionCount);
    vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount, extensions.data());

    for (auto &extension : extensions) {
        if (strstr(extension.extensionName, "surface") != nullptr) {
            instanceExtensions.push_back(extension.extensionName);
        }

        if (strstr(extension.extensionName, "VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2") != nullptr) {
            instanceExtensions.push_back(extension.extensionName);
        }
    }

    VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugCreateInfo = {};
    debugCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
    debugCreateInfo.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
    debugCreateInfo.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT;
    debugCreateInfo.pfnUserCallback = DebugCallback;

    VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
    createInfo.pNext = &debugCreateInfo;
    createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
    createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = instanceExtensions.data();
    createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = instanceExtensions.size();

    vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance);

    VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT callback;
    CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, &debugCreateInfo, nullptr, &callback);

    // pick physical device
    uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
    vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);

    std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);
    vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());

    int preferredDevice = 0;
    int deviceIndex = 0;
    for (auto device : devices) {
        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties deviceProperties;
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &deviceProperties);

        if (deviceProperties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_INTEGRATED_GPU) {
            preferredDevice = deviceIndex;
        }
        deviceIndex++;
    }

    physicalDevice = devices[preferredDevice];

    extensionCount = 0;
    vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);

    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> extensionProperties(extensionCount);
    vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physicalDevice, nullptr, &extensionCount, extensionProperties.data());

    // we want to choose the portability subset on platforms that
    // support it, this is a requirement of the portability spec
    std::vector<const char *> deviceExtensions = {"VK_KHR_swapchain"};
    for (auto extension : extensionProperties) {
        if (!strcmp(extension.extensionName, "VK_KHR_portability_subset"))
            deviceExtensions.push_back("VK_KHR_portability_subset");
    }

    uint32_t graphicsFamilyIndex = 0, presentFamilyIndex = 0;

    // create logical device
    uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);

    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physicalDevice, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());

    int i = 0;
    for (const auto &queueFamily : queueFamilies) {
        if (queueFamily.queueCount > 0 && queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
            graphicsFamilyIndex = i;
        }

        i++;
    }

    std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;

    if (graphicsFamilyIndex == presentFamilyIndex) {
        VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
        queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
        queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = graphicsFamilyIndex;
        queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;

        float queuePriority = 1.0f;
        queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;

        queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
    } else {
        // graphics
        {
            VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
            queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
            queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = graphicsFamilyIndex;
            queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;

            float queuePriority = 1.0f;
            queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;

            queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
        }

        // present
        {
            VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
            queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
            queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = presentFamilyIndex;
            queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;

            float queuePriority = 1.0f;
            queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;

            queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
        }
    }

    VkDeviceCreateInfo deviceCeateInfo = {};
    deviceCeateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
    deviceCeateInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();
    deviceCeateInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(queueCreateInfos.size());
    deviceCeateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();
    deviceCeateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());

    vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &deviceCeateInfo, nullptr, &device);

    // get queues
    vkGetDeviceQueue(device, graphicsFamilyIndex, 0, &graphicsQueue);
    vkGetDeviceQueue(device, presentFamilyIndex, 0, &presentQueue);

    // command pool
    VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolInfo = {};
    poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
    poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = graphicsFamilyIndex;
    poolInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;

    vkCreateCommandPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &commandPool);

    createDummyTexture();

    qInfo() << "Initialized renderer!";
}

bool Renderer::initSwapchain(VkSurfaceKHR surface, int width, int height)
{
    vkQueueWaitIdle(presentQueue);

    if (width == 0 || height == 0)
        return false;

    // TODO: fix this pls
    VkBool32 supported;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(physicalDevice, 0, surface, &supported);

    // query swapchain support
    VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &capabilities);

    std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;

    uint32_t formatCount;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);

    formats.resize(formatCount);
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &formatCount, formats.data());

    std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;
    uint32_t presentModeCount;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);

    presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &presentModeCount, presentModes.data());

    // choosing swapchain features
    VkSurfaceFormatKHR swapchainSurfaceFormat = formats[0];
    for (const auto &availableFormat : formats) {
        if (availableFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM && availableFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR) {
            swapchainSurfaceFormat = availableFormat;
        }
    }

    VkPresentModeKHR swapchainPresentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
    for (const auto &availablePresentMode : presentModes) {
        if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) {
            swapchainPresentMode = availablePresentMode;
        }
    }

    uint32_t imageCount = capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
    if (capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > capabilities.maxImageCount) {
        imageCount = capabilities.maxImageCount;
    }

    // create swapchain
    VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo = {};
    createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
    createInfo.surface = surface;
    createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
    createInfo.imageFormat = swapchainSurfaceFormat.format;
    createInfo.imageColorSpace = swapchainSurfaceFormat.colorSpace;
    createInfo.imageExtent.width = width;
    createInfo.imageExtent.height = height;
    createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
    createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
    createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    createInfo.preTransform = capabilities.currentTransform;
    createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
    createInfo.presentMode = swapchainPresentMode;
    createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;

    VkSwapchainKHR oldSwapchain = swapchain;
    createInfo.oldSwapchain = oldSwapchain;

    vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapchain);

    if (oldSwapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
        vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, oldSwapchain, nullptr);

    swapchainExtent.width = width;
    swapchainExtent.height = height;

    vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapchain, &imageCount, nullptr);
    swapchainImages.resize(imageCount);
    vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapchain, &imageCount, swapchainImages.data());

    swapchainViews.resize(swapchainImages.size());

    initDepth(width, height);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < swapchainImages.size(); i++) {
        VkImageViewCreateInfo view_create_info = {};
        view_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
        view_create_info.image = swapchainImages[i];
        view_create_info.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
        view_create_info.format = swapchainSurfaceFormat.format;
        view_create_info.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        view_create_info.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        view_create_info.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        view_create_info.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        view_create_info.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
        view_create_info.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
        view_create_info.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
        view_create_info.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        view_create_info.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

        vkCreateImageView(device, &view_create_info, nullptr, &swapchainViews[i]);
    }

    VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment = {};
    colorAttachment.format = swapchainSurfaceFormat.format;
    colorAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
    colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
    colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
    colorAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
    colorAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
    colorAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    colorAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;

    VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef = {};
    colorAttachmentRef.attachment = 0;
    colorAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

    VkAttachmentDescription depthAttachment = {};
    depthAttachment.format = VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT;
    depthAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
    depthAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
    depthAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
    depthAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
    depthAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
    depthAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    depthAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

    VkAttachmentReference depthAttachmentRef = {};
    depthAttachmentRef.attachment = 1;
    depthAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

    VkSubpassDependency dependency = {};
    dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
    dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
    dependency.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
    dependency.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
    dependency.srcAccessMask = 0;
    dependency.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
    dependency.dependencyFlags = 0;

    VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
    subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
    subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
    subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef;
    subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthAttachmentRef;

    std::array<VkAttachmentDescription, 2> attachments = {colorAttachment, depthAttachment};

    VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = {};
    renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
    renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = attachments.size();
    renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
    renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
    renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
    renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
    renderPassInfo.pDependencies = &dependency;

    vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass);

    initDescriptors();
    initPipeline();

    swapchainFramebuffers.resize(swapchainViews.size());

    for (size_t i = 0; i < swapchainViews.size(); i++) {
        std::array<VkImageView, 2> attachments = {swapchainViews[i], depthView};

        VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo = {};
        framebufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
        framebufferInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
        framebufferInfo.attachmentCount = attachments.size();
        framebufferInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
        framebufferInfo.width = swapchainExtent.width;
        framebufferInfo.height = swapchainExtent.height;
        framebufferInfo.layers = 1;

        vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &framebufferInfo, nullptr, &swapchainFramebuffers[i]);
    }

    // allocate command buffers
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
        allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
        allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
        allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
        allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;

        vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, &commandBuffers[i]);
    }

    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo = {};
    semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;

    VkFenceCreateInfo fenceCreateInfo = {};
    fenceCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
    fenceCreateInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &imageAvailableSemaphores[i]);
        vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &renderFinishedSemaphores[i]);
        vkCreateFence(device, &fenceCreateInfo, nullptr, &inFlightFences[i]);
    }

    ImGui::SetCurrentContext(ctx);
    imGuiPass = new ImGuiPass(*this);

    return true;
}

void Renderer::resize(VkSurfaceKHR surface, int width, int height)
{
    initSwapchain(surface, width, height);
}

void Renderer::destroySwapchain()
{
    if (swapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
        vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapchain, nullptr);
        swapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
}

void Renderer::render(const std::vector<RenderModel> &models)
{
    vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &inFlightFences[currentFrame], VK_TRUE, std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max());

    uint32_t imageIndex = 0;
    VkResult result =
        vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapchain, std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(), imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame], VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imageIndex);

    if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
        return;
    }

    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = commandBuffers[currentFrame];

    VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
    beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
    beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT;

    vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo);

    VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassInfo = {};
    renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
    renderPassInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
    renderPassInfo.framebuffer = swapchainFramebuffers[imageIndex];

    std::array<VkClearValue, 2> clearValues = {};
    clearValues[0].color.float32[0] = 0.8;
    clearValues[0].color.float32[1] = 0.8;
    clearValues[0].color.float32[2] = 0.8;
    clearValues[0].color.float32[3] = 1.0;
    clearValues[1].depthStencil = {1.0f, 0};

    renderPassInfo.clearValueCount = clearValues.size();
    renderPassInfo.pClearValues = clearValues.data();
    renderPassInfo.renderArea.extent = swapchainExtent;

    vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commandBuffer, &renderPassInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

    vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);

    for (auto model : models) {
        // copy bone data
        {
            const size_t bufferSize = sizeof(glm::mat4) * 128;
            void *mapped_data = nullptr;
            vkMapMemory(device, model.boneInfoMemory, 0, bufferSize, 0, &mapped_data);

            memcpy(mapped_data, model.boneData.data(), bufferSize);

            VkMappedMemoryRange range = {};
            range.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE;
            range.memory = model.boneInfoMemory;
            range.size = bufferSize;
            vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges(device, 1, &range);

            vkUnmapMemory(device, model.boneInfoMemory);
        }

        if (model.materials.empty())
            continue;

        for (const auto &part : model.parts) {
            if (static_cast<size_t>(part.materialIndex) >= model.materials.size()) {
                continue;
            }

            RenderMaterial &material = model.materials[part.materialIndex];

            const auto h = hash(model, material);
            if (!cachedDescriptors.count(h)) {
                if (auto descriptor = createDescriptorFor(model, material); descriptor != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
                    cachedDescriptors[h] = descriptor;
                } else {
                    continue;
                }
            }

            vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &cachedDescriptors[h], 0, nullptr);

            VkDeviceSize offsets[] = {0};
            vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commandBuffer, 0, 1, &part.vertexBuffer, offsets);
            vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(commandBuffer, part.indexBuffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16);

            glm::mat4 p = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), swapchainExtent.width / (float)swapchainExtent.height, 0.1f, 100.0f);
            glm::mat4 v = view;
            glm::mat4 vp = p * v;

            vkCmdPushConstants(commandBuffer, pipelineLayout, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, 0, sizeof(glm::mat4), &vp);

            glm::mat4 m = glm::mat4(1.0f);

            vkCmdPushConstants(commandBuffer,
                               pipelineLayout,
                               VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
                               sizeof(glm::mat4),
                               sizeof(glm::mat4),
                               &m);

            int test = 0;
            vkCmdPushConstants(commandBuffer,
                               pipelineLayout,
                               VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
                               sizeof(glm::mat4) * 2,
                               sizeof(int),
                               &test);

            int type = (int)material.type;
            vkCmdPushConstants(commandBuffer,
                               pipelineLayout,
                               VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
                               sizeof(glm::mat4) * 2 + sizeof(int),
                               sizeof(int),
                               &type);

            vkCmdDrawIndexed(commandBuffer, part.numIndices, 1, 0, 0, 0);
        }
    }

    if (imGuiPass != nullptr) {
        ImGui::SetCurrentContext(ctx);
        imGuiPass->render(commandBuffer);
    }

    vkCmdEndRenderPass(commandBuffer);
    vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);

    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
    submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;

    VkSemaphore waitSemaphores[] = {imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame]};
    VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = {VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT};
    submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = waitSemaphores;
    submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = waitStages;
    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;

    VkSemaphore signalSemaphores[] = {renderFinishedSemaphores[currentFrame]};
    submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores;

    vkResetFences(device, 1, &inFlightFences[currentFrame]);

    if (vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, inFlightFences[currentFrame]) != VK_SUCCESS)
        return;

    // present
    VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo = {};
    presentInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;

    presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
    presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = signalSemaphores;
    VkSwapchainKHR swapChains[] = {swapchain};
    presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
    presentInfo.pSwapchains = swapChains;
    presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex;

    vkQueuePresentKHR(presentQueue, &presentInfo);

    currentFrame = (currentFrame + 1) % 3;
}

std::tuple<VkBuffer, VkDeviceMemory> Renderer::createBuffer(size_t size, VkBufferUsageFlags usageFlags)
{
    vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);

    // create buffer
    VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = {};
    bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    bufferInfo.size = size;
    bufferInfo.usage = usageFlags;
    bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;

    VkBuffer handle;
    vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferInfo, nullptr, &handle);

    // allocate memory
    VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
    vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, handle, &memRequirements);

    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT);

    VkDeviceMemory memory;
    vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &memory);

    vkBindBufferMemory(device, handle, memory, 0);

    return {handle, memory};
}

uint32_t Renderer::findMemoryType(uint32_t typeFilter, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties)
{
    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memProperties;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &memProperties);

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
        if ((typeFilter & (1 << i)) && (memProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties) {
            return i;
        }
    }

    return -1;
}

RenderModel Renderer::addModel(const physis_MDL &model, int lod)
{
    RenderModel renderModel;
    renderModel.model = model;

    reloadModel(renderModel, lod);

    return renderModel;
}

void Renderer::reloadModel(RenderModel &renderModel, uint32_t lod)
{
    if (lod > renderModel.model.num_lod)
        return;

    renderModel.parts.clear();

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < renderModel.model.lods[lod].num_parts; i++) {
        RenderPart renderPart;

        const physis_Part part = renderModel.model.lods[lod].parts[i];

        renderPart.materialIndex = part.material_index;

        size_t vertexSize = part.num_vertices * sizeof(Vertex);
        auto [vertexBuffer, vertexMemory] = createBuffer(vertexSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT);

        size_t indexSize = part.num_indices * sizeof(uint16_t);
        auto [indexBuffer, indexMemory] = createBuffer(indexSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT);

        // copy vertex data
        {
            void *mapped_data = nullptr;
            vkMapMemory(device, vertexMemory, 0, vertexSize, 0, &mapped_data);

            memcpy(mapped_data, part.vertices, vertexSize);

            VkMappedMemoryRange range = {};
            range.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE;
            range.memory = vertexMemory;
            range.size = vertexSize;
            vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges(device, 1, &range);

            vkUnmapMemory(device, vertexMemory);
        }

        // copy index data
        {
            void *mapped_data = nullptr;
            vkMapMemory(device, indexMemory, 0, indexSize, 0, &mapped_data);

            memcpy(mapped_data, part.indices, indexSize);

            VkMappedMemoryRange range = {};
            range.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE;
            range.memory = indexMemory;
            range.size = indexSize;
            vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges(device, 1, &range);

            vkUnmapMemory(device, indexMemory);
        }

        renderPart.numIndices = part.num_indices;

        renderPart.vertexBuffer = vertexBuffer;
        renderPart.vertexMemory = vertexMemory;

        renderPart.indexBuffer = indexBuffer;
        renderPart.indexMemory = indexMemory;

        renderModel.parts.push_back(renderPart);
    }

    const size_t bufferSize = sizeof(glm::mat4) * 128;
    auto [buffer, memory] = createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT);

    renderModel.boneInfoBuffer = buffer;
    renderModel.boneInfoMemory = memory;
}

void Renderer::initPipeline()
{
    VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertexShaderStageInfo = {};
    vertexShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    vertexShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
    vertexShaderStageInfo.module = loadShaderFromDisk(":/shaders/mesh.vert.spv");
    vertexShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

    VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragmentShaderStageInfo = {};
    fragmentShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    fragmentShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
    fragmentShaderStageInfo.module = loadShaderFromDisk(":/shaders/mesh.frag.spv");
    fragmentShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

    std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shaderStages = {vertexShaderStageInfo, fragmentShaderStageInfo};

    VkVertexInputBindingDescription binding = {};
    binding.stride = sizeof(Vertex);

    VkVertexInputAttributeDescription positionAttribute = {};
    positionAttribute.format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
    positionAttribute.offset = offsetof(Vertex, position);

    VkVertexInputAttributeDescription uv0Attribute = {};
    uv0Attribute.format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
    uv0Attribute.location = 1;
    uv0Attribute.offset = offsetof(Vertex, uv0);

    VkVertexInputAttributeDescription uv1Attribute = {};
    uv1Attribute.format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
    uv1Attribute.location = 2;
    uv1Attribute.offset = offsetof(Vertex, uv1);

    VkVertexInputAttributeDescription normalAttribute = {};
    normalAttribute.format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
    normalAttribute.location = 3;
    normalAttribute.offset = offsetof(Vertex, normal);

    VkVertexInputAttributeDescription bitangentAttribute = {};
    bitangentAttribute.format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
    bitangentAttribute.location = 4;
    bitangentAttribute.offset = offsetof(Vertex, bitangent);

    VkVertexInputAttributeDescription colorAttribute = {};
    colorAttribute.format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
    colorAttribute.location = 5;
    colorAttribute.offset = offsetof(Vertex, color);

    VkVertexInputAttributeDescription boneWeightAttribute = {};
    boneWeightAttribute.format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
    boneWeightAttribute.location = 6;
    boneWeightAttribute.offset = offsetof(Vertex, bone_weight);

    VkVertexInputAttributeDescription boneIdAttribute = {};
    boneIdAttribute.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT;
    boneIdAttribute.location = 7;
    boneIdAttribute.offset = offsetof(Vertex, bone_id);

    const std::array attributes =
        {positionAttribute, uv0Attribute, uv1Attribute, normalAttribute, bitangentAttribute, colorAttribute, boneWeightAttribute, boneIdAttribute};

    VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputState = {};
    vertexInputState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    vertexInputState.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1;
    vertexInputState.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &binding;
    vertexInputState.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = attributes.size();
    vertexInputState.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = attributes.data();

    VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly = {};
    inputAssembly.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    inputAssembly.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;

    VkViewport viewport = {};
    viewport.width = swapchainExtent.width;
    viewport.height = swapchainExtent.height;
    viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;

    VkRect2D scissor = {};
    scissor.extent = swapchainExtent;

    VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState = {};
    viewportState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    viewportState.viewportCount = 1;
    viewportState.pViewports = &viewport;
    viewportState.scissorCount = 1;
    viewportState.pScissors = &scissor;

    VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer = {};
    rasterizer.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    rasterizer.lineWidth = 1.0f;
    rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
    rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;

    VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling = {};
    multisampling.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    multisampling.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;

    VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment = {};
    colorBlendAttachment.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;

    VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlending = {};
    colorBlending.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    colorBlending.attachmentCount = 1;
    colorBlending.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachment;

    VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState = {};
    dynamicState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;

    VkPushConstantRange pushConstantRange = {};
    pushConstantRange.size = (sizeof(glm::mat4) * 2) + sizeof(int) * 2;
    pushConstantRange.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;

    VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
    pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
    pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = 1;
    pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = &pushConstantRange;
    pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 1;
    pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = &setLayout;

    vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout);

    VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencil = {};
    depthStencil.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
    depthStencil.depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE;
    depthStencil.depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE;
    depthStencil.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS;
    depthStencil.maxDepthBounds = 1.0f;

    VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo createInfo = {};
    createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
    createInfo.stageCount = shaderStages.size();
    createInfo.pStages = shaderStages.data();
    createInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputState;
    createInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly;
    createInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
    createInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer;
    createInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampling;
    createInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlending;
    createInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
    createInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencil;
    createInfo.layout = pipelineLayout;
    createInfo.renderPass = renderPass;

    vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &createInfo, nullptr, &pipeline);
}

VkShaderModule Renderer::createShaderModule(const uint32_t *code, const int length)
{
    VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo = {};
    createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
    createInfo.codeSize = length;
    createInfo.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(code);

    VkShaderModule shaderModule;
    vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule);

    return shaderModule;
}

VkShaderModule Renderer::loadShaderFromDisk(const std::string_view path)
{
    QFile file((QLatin1String(path)));
    file.open(QFile::ReadOnly);

    if (!file.isOpen()) {
        qFatal("Failed to open shader file: %s", path.data());
    }

    auto contents = file.readAll();
    return createShaderModule(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(contents.data()), contents.size());
}

void Renderer::initDescriptors()
{
    VkDescriptorPoolSize poolSize = {};
    poolSize.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;
    poolSize.descriptorCount = 150;

    VkDescriptorPoolSize poolSize2 = {};
    poolSize2.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    poolSize2.descriptorCount = 150;

    const std::array poolSizes = {poolSize, poolSize2};

    VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo poolCreateInfo = {};
    poolCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
    poolCreateInfo.poolSizeCount = poolSizes.size();
    poolCreateInfo.pPoolSizes = poolSizes.data();
    poolCreateInfo.maxSets = 150;

    vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &poolCreateInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool);

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding boneInfoBufferBinding = {};
    boneInfoBufferBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;
    boneInfoBufferBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
    boneInfoBufferBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
    boneInfoBufferBinding.binding = 2;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding textureBinding = {};
    textureBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    textureBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
    textureBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
    textureBinding.binding = 3;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding normalBinding = {};
    normalBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    normalBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
    normalBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
    normalBinding.binding = 4;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding specularBinding = {};
    specularBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    specularBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
    specularBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
    specularBinding.binding = 5;

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding multiBinding = {};
    multiBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    multiBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
    multiBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
    multiBinding.binding = 6;

    const std::array bindings = {boneInfoBufferBinding, textureBinding, normalBinding, specularBinding, multiBinding};

    VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo layoutInfo = {};
    layoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
    layoutInfo.bindingCount = bindings.size();
    layoutInfo.pBindings = bindings.data();

    vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &layoutInfo, nullptr, &setLayout);
}

void Renderer::initDepth(int width, int height)
{
    VkImageCreateInfo imageCreateInfo = {};
    imageCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    imageCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
    imageCreateInfo.extent.width = width;
    imageCreateInfo.extent.height = height;
    imageCreateInfo.extent.depth = 1;
    imageCreateInfo.mipLevels = 1;
    imageCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
    imageCreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT;
    imageCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
    imageCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    imageCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
    imageCreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
    imageCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;

    vkCreateImage(device, &imageCreateInfo, nullptr, &depthImage);

    VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
    vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, depthImage, &memRequirements);

    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocateInfo = {};
    allocateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocateInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
    allocateInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);

    vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocateInfo, nullptr, &depthMemory);

    vkBindImageMemory(device, depthImage, depthMemory, 0);

    VkImageViewCreateInfo viewCreateInfo = {};
    viewCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
    viewCreateInfo.image = depthImage;
    viewCreateInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
    viewCreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT;
    viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
    viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
    viewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

    vkCreateImageView(device, &viewCreateInfo, nullptr, &depthView);
}

RenderTexture Renderer::addTexture(const uint32_t width, const uint32_t height, const uint8_t *data, const uint32_t data_size)
{
    RenderTexture newTexture = {};

    VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo = {};
    imageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    imageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
    imageInfo.extent.width = width;
    imageInfo.extent.height = height;
    imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
    imageInfo.mipLevels = 1;
    imageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
    imageInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    imageInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
    imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    imageInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
    imageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    imageInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;

    vkCreateImage(device, &imageInfo, nullptr, &newTexture.handle);

    VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
    vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, newTexture.handle, &memRequirements);

    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);

    vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &newTexture.memory);

    vkBindImageMemory(device, newTexture.handle, newTexture.memory, 0);

    // copy image data
    VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
    VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;

    VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = {};
    bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    bufferInfo.size = data_size;
    bufferInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
    bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;

    vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferInfo, nullptr, &stagingBuffer);

    // allocate staging memory
    vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, stagingBuffer, &memRequirements);

    allocInfo = {};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT);

    vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &stagingBufferMemory);

    vkBindBufferMemory(device, stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory, 0);

    // copy to staging buffer
    void *mapped_data;
    vkMapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, data_size, 0, &mapped_data);
    memcpy(mapped_data, data, data_size);
    vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory);

    // copy staging buffer to image
    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();

    VkImageSubresourceRange range = {};
    range.baseMipLevel = 0;
    range.levelCount = 1;
    range.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    range.layerCount = 1;

    inlineTransitionImageLayout(commandBuffer,
                                newTexture.handle,
                                imageInfo.format,
                                VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                                range,
                                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
                                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL);

    VkBufferImageCopy region = {};
    region.imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    region.imageSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
    region.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    region.imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;
    region.imageExtent = {(uint32_t)width, (uint32_t)height, 1};

    vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(commandBuffer, stagingBuffer, newTexture.handle, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &region);

    inlineTransitionImageLayout(commandBuffer,
                                newTexture.handle,
                                imageInfo.format,
                                VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                                range,
                                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);

    endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);

    range = {};
    range.levelCount = 1;
    range.layerCount = 1;
    range.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;

    VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {};
    viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
    viewInfo.image = newTexture.handle;
    viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
    viewInfo.format = imageInfo.format;
    viewInfo.subresourceRange = range;

    vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &newTexture.view);

    VkSamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo = {};
    samplerInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO;
    samplerInfo.magFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.minFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
    samplerInfo.addressModeV = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
    samplerInfo.addressModeW = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
    samplerInfo.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.maxLod = 1.0f;

    vkCreateSampler(device, &samplerInfo, nullptr, &newTexture.sampler);

    return newTexture;
}

VkCommandBuffer Renderer::beginSingleTimeCommands()
{
    VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
    allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
    allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;

    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
    vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, &commandBuffer);

    VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
    beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
    beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;

    vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo);

    return commandBuffer;
}

void Renderer::endSingleTimeCommands(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer)
{
    vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);

    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
    submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;

    vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
    vkQueueWaitIdle(graphicsQueue);

    vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, 1, &commandBuffer);
}

void Renderer::inlineTransitionImageLayout(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
                                           VkImage image,
                                           VkFormat format,
                                           VkImageAspectFlags aspect,
                                           VkImageSubresourceRange range,
                                           VkImageLayout oldLayout,
                                           VkImageLayout newLayout,
                                           VkPipelineStageFlags src_stage_mask,
                                           VkPipelineStageFlags dst_stage_mask)
{
    Q_UNUSED(format)

    VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier = {};
    barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
    barrier.oldLayout = oldLayout;
    barrier.newLayout = newLayout;
    barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    barrier.image = image;
    barrier.subresourceRange = range;
    barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = aspect;

    switch (oldLayout) {
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED:
        barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL:
        barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
        barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL:
        barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

    switch (newLayout) {
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL:
        barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
        barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
        break;
    case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL:
        barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

    vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer, src_stage_mask, dst_stage_mask, 0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &barrier);
}

uint64_t Renderer::hash(const RenderModel &model, const RenderMaterial &material)
{
    uint64_t hash = 0;
    hash += reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>((void *)&model);
    if (material.diffuseTexture)
        hash += reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>((void *)material.diffuseTexture);
    if (material.normalTexture)
        hash += reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>((void *)material.normalTexture);
    if (material.specularTexture)
        hash += reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>((void *)material.specularTexture);
    if (material.multiTexture)
        hash += reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>((void *)material.multiTexture);
    return hash;
}

VkDescriptorSet Renderer::createDescriptorFor(const RenderModel &model, const RenderMaterial &material)
{
    VkDescriptorSet set;

    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocateInfo = {};
    allocateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocateInfo.descriptorPool = descriptorPool;
    allocateInfo.descriptorSetCount = 1;
    allocateInfo.pSetLayouts = &setLayout;

    vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocateInfo, &set);
    if (set == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
        // qFatal("Failed to create descriptor set!");
        return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

    const size_t bufferSize = sizeof(glm::mat4) * 128;

    std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> writes;

    VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo = {};
    bufferInfo.buffer = model.boneInfoBuffer;
    bufferInfo.range = bufferSize;

    VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptorWrite = {};
    descriptorWrite.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
    descriptorWrite.dstSet = set;
    descriptorWrite.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;
    descriptorWrite.descriptorCount = 1;
    descriptorWrite.pBufferInfo = &bufferInfo;
    descriptorWrite.dstBinding = 2;

    writes.push_back(descriptorWrite);

    VkDescriptorImageInfo imageInfo = {};
    imageInfo.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;

    if (material.diffuseTexture) {
        imageInfo.imageView = material.diffuseTexture->view;
        imageInfo.sampler = material.diffuseTexture->sampler;
    } else {
        imageInfo.imageView = dummyView;
        imageInfo.sampler = dummySampler;
    }

    VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptorWrite2 = {};
    descriptorWrite2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
    descriptorWrite2.dstSet = set;
    descriptorWrite2.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
    descriptorWrite2.descriptorCount = 1;
    descriptorWrite2.pImageInfo = &imageInfo;
    descriptorWrite2.dstBinding = 3;

    writes.push_back(descriptorWrite2);

    VkDescriptorImageInfo normalImageInfo = {};
    normalImageInfo.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;

    if (material.normalTexture) {
        normalImageInfo.imageView = material.normalTexture->view;
        normalImageInfo.sampler = material.normalTexture->sampler;

        VkWriteDescriptorSet normalDescriptorWrite2 = {};
        normalDescriptorWrite2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
        normalDescriptorWrite2.dstSet = set;
        normalDescriptorWrite2.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
        normalDescriptorWrite2.descriptorCount = 1;
        normalDescriptorWrite2.pImageInfo = &normalImageInfo;
        normalDescriptorWrite2.dstBinding = 4;

        writes.push_back(normalDescriptorWrite2);
    }

    VkDescriptorImageInfo specularImageInfo = {};
    specularImageInfo.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;

    if (material.specularTexture) {
        specularImageInfo.imageView = material.specularTexture->view;
        specularImageInfo.sampler = material.specularTexture->sampler;

        VkWriteDescriptorSet specularDescriptorWrite2 = {};
        specularDescriptorWrite2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
        specularDescriptorWrite2.dstSet = set;
        specularDescriptorWrite2.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
        specularDescriptorWrite2.descriptorCount = 1;
        specularDescriptorWrite2.pImageInfo = &specularImageInfo;
        specularDescriptorWrite2.dstBinding = 5;

        writes.push_back(specularDescriptorWrite2);
    }

    VkDescriptorImageInfo multiImageInfo = {};
    multiImageInfo.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;

    if (material.multiTexture) {
        multiImageInfo.imageView = material.multiTexture->view;
        multiImageInfo.sampler = material.multiTexture->sampler;

        VkWriteDescriptorSet multiDescriptorWrite2 = {};
        multiDescriptorWrite2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
        multiDescriptorWrite2.dstSet = set;
        multiDescriptorWrite2.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
        multiDescriptorWrite2.descriptorCount = 1;
        multiDescriptorWrite2.pImageInfo = &multiImageInfo;
        multiDescriptorWrite2.dstBinding = 6;

        writes.push_back(multiDescriptorWrite2);
    }

    vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, writes.size(), writes.data(), 0, nullptr);

    return set;
}

void Renderer::createDummyTexture()
{
    VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo = {};
    imageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
    imageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
    imageInfo.extent.width = 1;
    imageInfo.extent.height = 1;
    imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
    imageInfo.mipLevels = 1;
    imageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
    imageInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    imageInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
    imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    imageInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
    imageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
    imageInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;

    vkCreateImage(device, &imageInfo, nullptr, &dummyImage);

    VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
    vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, dummyImage, &memRequirements);

    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);

    vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &dummyMemory);

    vkBindImageMemory(device, dummyImage, dummyMemory, 0);

    // copy image data
    VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
    VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;

    VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = {};
    bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    bufferInfo.size = 1;
    bufferInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
    bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;

    vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferInfo, nullptr, &stagingBuffer);

    // allocate staging memory
    vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, stagingBuffer, &memRequirements);

    allocInfo = {};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT);

    vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &stagingBufferMemory);

    vkBindBufferMemory(device, stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory, 0);

    int dummydata[4] = {1, 1, 1, 1};

    // copy to staging buffer
    void *mapped_data;
    vkMapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, 4, 0, &mapped_data);
    memcpy(mapped_data, dummydata, 1);
    vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory);

    // copy staging buffer to image
    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();

    VkImageSubresourceRange range = {};
    range.baseMipLevel = 0;
    range.levelCount = 1;
    range.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    range.layerCount = 1;

    inlineTransitionImageLayout(commandBuffer,
                                dummyImage,
                                imageInfo.format,
                                VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                                range,
                                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
                                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL);

    VkBufferImageCopy region = {};
    region.imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    region.imageSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
    region.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    region.imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;
    region.imageExtent = {(uint32_t)1, (uint32_t)1, 1};

    vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(commandBuffer, stagingBuffer, dummyImage, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &region);

    inlineTransitionImageLayout(commandBuffer,
                                dummyImage,
                                imageInfo.format,
                                VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
                                range,
                                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
                                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);

    endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);

    range = {};
    range.levelCount = 1;
    range.layerCount = 1;
    range.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;

    VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {};
    viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
    viewInfo.image = dummyImage;
    viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
    viewInfo.format = imageInfo.format;
    viewInfo.subresourceRange = range;

    vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &dummyView);

    VkSamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo = {};
    samplerInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO;
    samplerInfo.magFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.minFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
    samplerInfo.addressModeV = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
    samplerInfo.addressModeW = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
    samplerInfo.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
    samplerInfo.maxLod = 1.0f;

    vkCreateSampler(device, &samplerInfo, nullptr, &dummySampler);
}